Figure 1.1. The Weekly Market, Bazar, or Market-place of Athens (Dodwell, 1821)

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Figure 1.2. (Left) Graham Street Wet Market (Source: Lawrence Lai Gallery, 2005)

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Figure 1.3. (Right) Chinese New Year Fair, Hong Kong (Source: Denis H. Hazell, 1924)

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Figure 1.4. (Left) Yen Chow Street Hawker Bazaar in Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong, Dec 2022 (Source Unknown)

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Figure 1.5. (Right) Current situation of Yen Chow Hawker Bazaar (Source: Google Maps)

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Figure 1.6. Number of Licensed hawkers in Hong Kong from 2000 to 2018 (Source: FEHD, 2018)

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Figure 1.7. Luen Wo Market, opened in 1951. It has sat empty since 2002 (Dewolf, 2024)

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Figure 1.8. Mongkok Market nearing completion in 1975 (Dewolf, 2024)

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Figure 2.1. Research Framework

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Figure 2.2. Basemap for the Investigation Mapping Exercise (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.3. Mapping Investigation 1 - Typical Hong Kong Style Retail Edge (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.4. Mapping Investigation 2 - Aggregated higher-end Retail Edge (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.5. Mapping Investigation 3 - Non-interactive, Non-porous Blank Street Edge (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.6. Mapping Investigation 4 - On-street Retail Activity (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.7. Edge Typologies (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.8. Langham Place (Site B) / Shanghai Street (Source: Google Earth)

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Figure 2.9. One SOHO / Reclamation Street (Source: midland.com.hk): Non-porous Sidewalk Edge

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Figure 2.10. Pei Ho street Sports Center (Source: Google Earth): Creation of blank sidewalk edge pushing retail activities to the other end of the road

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Figure 2.11. Postcard of Flower Stalls on Wyndham Street, Near Lyndhurst Street, Central, 1920s (Source: cityunseen.hk; Author: Unknown)

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Figure 2.12. Timeline of Growth and Evolution of the Mongkok Flower Market (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.13. The Shifting Locations of Flower Farmers from the 19th Century to the Present Day (Source: City Unseen)

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Figure 2.14. Prince Edward Road Flower Market (Field Visit)

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Figure 2.15. Prince Edward Building Plaza (Field Visit)

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Figure 2.16. Customer Delivery and Loading with Oncoming Traffic (Field Visit)

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Figure 2.17. Restricted Street Front Extensions (SFE) (Field Visit)

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Figure 2.18. Pedestrian Interruption with Retail and Traffic (Field Visit)

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Figure 2.19. Sidewalk spillage and Cleanliness Issues (Field Visit)

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Figure 2.20. Single Lane Susceptible to Congestions (Field Visit)

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Figure 2.21. Hong Kong’s Floriculture Market Growth Rate Forecast (Source: 6wresearch)

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Figure 2.22. Hong Kong’s Floriculture Market vs Top 5 Asian Economies (Source: 6wresearch)

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Figure 2.23. Location Plan of the Flower Market Proposal by the URA (Source: URA, 2024)

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Figure 2.24. Peel Street Graham Street Development Scheme (Source: URA, 2008)

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Figure 2.25. Notional Design visualization proposed by the URA - Mongkok Flower Market (Source: URA, 2024)

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Figure 2.26. News Article Pointing Out the Opposition Towards Flower Market Proposal (Sources: HKFP, SCMP and Floral Daily)

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Figure 2.27. Graphic depicting the Public Resistance Towards the URA Proposal (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.29. Graphic depicting the public resistance towards the URA proposal (Source: Author with GenAI)

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Figure 2.30. Licensed Hawkers Remaining on Graham Street (Source: CSDI Portal, 2025)

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Figure 3.1. Stakeholder Expectations Matrix and Impact Assessment of Design Drivers (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.1. Meso-Level Urban Design Framework (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.2. Stakeholder based Operational Framework (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.3. The Mongkok Flower Market District Masterplan (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.4. Pedestrianized Corridor and Proposed new sites for development (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.5. Pockets of Built intervention (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.6. Public space and Provision of SFEs with Indoor Sports Facilities (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.7. The Movement and Connection (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.8. Meso Urban Design Framework with Functional Strategies (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.9. Ground-Level Scheme of Flower Market Retail (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.10. Blue-Green Network - Public Landscaped Areas with the Nullah Water Feature (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.11. Ground Level Zoning with Retail, Sports and Transformative Areas (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.12. Vehicular Movement, Temporary Vehicular Access to the Site and on-Street Parking Facilities (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.13. Pedestrian network - Ease of Access Through the Site (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.14. Provision for 300+ Temporary 4m (W) x 5m (D) Stalls in the Flower Market Public Space and Mongkok Stadium Ground (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.15. The Inclusive Market Masterplan (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.16. Site Massing Scheme Isometric (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.17. Typology 1 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.18. Typology 2 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.19. Typology 3 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.20. Typology 4&5 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.21. Typology 6 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.22. Site Section – Redevelopment of Mong Kok Flower Market (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.23. Exploded Urban Massing and Operations (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.24. Pie Chart and Table of Area Percentages (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.25. Phase 1 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.26. Phase 2 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.27. Phase 3 (Source: Author)

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Figure 4.28. Phase 4 (Source: Author)

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Figure 5.1. Bird’s Eye View of the Inclusive Market (Source: Author)

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Figure 5.2. View from Bazaar Court (Source: Author)

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Figure 5.3. View from Nullah towards the Nursery Greenhouse (Source: Author)

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Figure 5.4. View of the New Flower Market Bazaar Street (Source: Author)

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Figure 5.5. View from the Nullah towards the Training Center and Sports Block (Source: Author)